•Walsingham hoped that Turkish forces might keep the Spanish forces "thoroughly occupied" by "some incursions from the coast of Africa", or by attacking his Italian territories from the sea.
•The Spanish fleet was eventually defeated on July 30 1588 as it awaited the rest of the invasion force off Calais (which never came).
• At the battle of Gravelines, the English navy used fireships before closing in on the confused Spanish
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